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This checklist is created specifically with software projects in mind. The simple layout prompts you to review and comment on system requirements, software structure, the user interface, data models, and much more, but you can add or remove criteria to fit the needs of your project. Once you complete a CDR and all testing, use this checklist to perform a final review of your software project.

Use this checklist to conduct a design review for an electrical project. The template comes pre-filled with sections to address compliance and safety requirements, as well as specific electrical considerations, such as alarm panels, gas, and lighting. Add more rows to fit the needs of your project, and get sign-off on each element to ensure that your electrical project is up to design specs, code, and safety regulations.

Use this checklist to review architectural designs, particularly for single-home construction projects. The template includes space to review all aspects of a traditional architectural project, including the site, building, and landscape plans; height requirements; and details about the facade e. You can edit the template to fit the needs of your particular endeavor. The best marketing teams know the importance of effective campaign management, consistent creative operations, and powerful event logistics — and Smartsheet helps you deliver on all three so you can be more effective and achieve more.

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In this article. Preliminary Design Review Checklist. Simple, powerful marketing campaign management in Smartsheet. Pocket Folders. Premium Flyers. Premium Menus.

Rack Cards. Roll Stickers. Sales Data Sheets. Sheet Stickers. Table Tents. Ultra Business Cards. Ultra Postcards. Window Clings. Window Envelopes. Yard Signs. Get Connected. It serves as a common policy document which outlines the parameters and vision of the project for all the members of the planning and design team. It should also contain all the necessary information for the architectural design team to commence conceptual and schematic design. Architects and the designers among them in general are eager to put pencil to paper and are impatient with reading through long briefs.

It is very difficult to extricate the project from this mess if it is semi-constructed, and it invariably results in a compromised design. The method in which the functional and space programs are produced is very important to the healthcare facility design process. This is because in larger projects the initial capital costs very often exceed the long term operational of the facility in four to five years in India and in two to three years in the West.

Quality thought being given to the initial planning will go a long way towards decreasing long term operational costs. Many times this kind of empire building will result in the provision of extra, unnecessary space with which nothing can be done later. Traditionally, the space program or area program as it is also referred to in India was the only programming document prepared before the start of the design process.

As of today, the functional program in combination with the space program is the way to go. The space program provides a list of all rooms or areas required for each function and the total area required for the function. The above approach flows from the functional requirements.

Ophthalmology, Dentistry, ENT etc. For these have an important bearing on the programming and hence, on the design. Usually confined to an A3 sheet, it can contain a plan of the room, minimum dimension of the space, a list major items of medical or other equipment to be housed within that space, and any unique temperature, humidity, lighting etc. Without the plan, the same information can be given in an Excel sheet, and the plan can be added after schematic design is done to complete the sheet.

At this stage the room data sheets could only be generic to help the non-healthcare architect plan the furniture, fixture and equipment plan FFE. For the room data sheets to be of optimal use, they would need to be prepared after the FFE is in place.

The idea is to distribute the areas of the departments on the various floors to get a handle on how much area each floor template is holding, and which departments too. It could also be based on some formal conception of the building, which, however, would take a lot of experience and confidence. At times the healthcare facility may comprise of several buildings on a healthcare campus.

Of course you would then need to prepare the regular stack plan for each building. A word of caution here, healthcare facility design are always much more complex than design of other building types that you might come across, and these documents will help you steer your way through the time-consuming and thus expensive pitfalls that you will face.

By using an Excel spreadsheet it is easy and quick to examine various alternatives and fine tune the area distribution. The stack plan forms an important part of the programming documents. Many times we find the shape and size of the piece of land to be unsuitable for the healthcare facility desired.

In urban areas in India the price of land is very high, especially so in Mumbai, where we are based. If only the client would come to us with the desire to build a hospital and a budget for the land, we could then evaluate various potential sites with regard to location, size, shape and orientation, in short, evaluate their suitability to house the proposed facility. In fact our second client, a cardiac surgeon, consulted us before buying the land and the project is till date our most outstanding success.

Among the above four factors, location, size, shape and orientation, for a proposed healthcare facility the most important is location. Whether it is in an urban area or not, the location of the facility will be an important determinant in its financial success. Corporate healthcare providers even study which city to base their facilities in based on various demographic conditions.

I have had the opportunity to be an onlooker of one such analysis, but the details of how to go about it are beyond the scope of this book. This, taken along with the various statutory requirements of the piece of land determines how much built-up area the site will sustain.

Healthcare facilities command an increase in FSI over other usages even on adjacent or nearby plots, and with the right kinds of authorities being approached many times this FSI can be increased, which will substantially enhance the value of the plot.

It is best if this is determined before purchasing the plot. Hospitals in India can possibly get an FSI of 2. A note of caution here; the size area of the plot and the FSI will not be the only determinants of how much area can be built. Other municipal regulations such as the open spaces to be left around the building which are often related to its height and the Ground Coverage, which is the percentage of the site the footprint of the proposed building can cover, will sometimes prevent you from using the full FSI.

Thus you see that a careful analysis of the plot will go a long way to determine the efficiency and thus the cost-benefit advantages of its proposed usage. There may be a high tension electrical line running through the plot. It should be ascertained whether these can be shifted or how much it will disrupt planning if not.

Many such pitfalls await the unwary. While the municipal regulations that come hand in hand with every plot of land will permit the desired usage are a very important site attribute, they differ considerably from city to city, and even with in cities from site to site, and a detailed discussion on them is beyond the scope of this book.

The National Building Code of India, however, specifies that the maximum height a hospital building can go up to is This height is usually measured from the centerline of the access road to the site, i. We come to the third attribute, the shape of the site. This is usually a matter of common sense.

As a thumb rule, we have found that given the area as a constant, for the smaller sites, a ratio of Usually you will find there is only one access road on the short side of the site.

If it is on the long side you are luckier. Small sites with odd, jagged shapes are obviously unsuitable, large sites are a pleasure to work with, despite a few zigs and zags. By orientation of a site I mean the orientation of the building s it will permit. In the smaller urban sites we have been discussing before, it is unlikely you will have any choice in the matter. As large parts of these hospitals are likely to be artificially lit and ventilated, the orientation is important as to the heat gain from sunlight.

Techniques exist to calculate and minimize this with various building features and materials. On larger semi-urban and rural sites the opportunity exists to orient the buildings to make most use of natural light and ventilation.

This is the subject matter of a science called Climatology and a detailed discussion is beyond the scope of this book. A lot of reading and reference material is available on this subject in this age of green architecture. I would suggest to future clients that an inherited site or a site bought on the attractiveness of the asking price is not the most cost-beneficial way of going about planning a healthcare facility.

Attention to the selection factors outlined above would go a long way to contributing to the success of the project. Model making skills too seem to have suffered and there is a reluctance to build a lot of quick and dirty study models because of the time taken and the easiness with which the building views can be prepared in 3-D.

The views are so much more seductive than our little dirty models of Styrofoam of yesteryear that I too stand guilty of being seduced by them, not to speak of the ultimate authority, the client.

I leave it to you to decide which road is better. In our youth we had to baptize these models with drops of blood from accidentally cut fingers. I taught design in an architectural school briefly once, and the thing that most amazed me was that given a design assignment with the same site and the same brief the size of the buildings put down on paper by these students varied greatly!

On probing a bit more I found there was no idea in their heads at this initial first cut of design of how big these buildings were. The way I approach the issue is to take the total footprint area of the building, punch it into my calculator and hit the square root button. Then you draw a square with that dimension to scale.

After drawing this square you can very quickly using your eye alone modulate this square into various basic building forms of the same area. This gives you a very quick idea about various footprints in plan. More amazing is that they will stay the same size with respect to your body and you can see the whole site and its surroundings!

It is very important to understand the scale of your designs; simplistically put, you could say it is what architectural space is all about. On a site that has multiple usages by which I mean buildings housing differing kinds of functions it is useful at the onset of design to block out appropriate areas that each usage will occupy.

The Design Team: The Importance of Consultants Hussain Varawalla In the conceptualization, design, construction and commissioning of any successfully run healthcare facility project, the services of some or all of the following types of consultants will be required: 1. Project Management Consultants 6. Lighting Consultant 7. Networking Consultant 8. Fire Safety Consultant Logistics Consultant Acoustic Consultant Quantity Surveyors Public Health Engineering Consultant Environment Clearance Consultant Bio-Medical Waste Consultant Infection Control Risk Assessor Kitchen Design Consultant Laundry Design Consultant Audio-Visual Coordinator Chartered Accountant Geo-Technologist Land Surveyor Landscape Architect His most important function is to provide an independent professional opinion and plan based on an unbiased look at the total operation.

This consultant is usually retained to develop a long-range plan also known as strategic plan. The facility planner would typically have domain knowledge of the subject of construction.

And while the architect would know what it takes to design a building, the planner would typically advise on the functional content. He would advise on the facility mix — what are the services and the number of beds to be accommodated, what should be the sizing of the X-ray rooms, what should come next to the emergency care services, what are the minimum critical heights for the surgical floor etc. A good planner should have an understanding of finance, medical practice, architectural and engineering practices too.

The consulting architect will help him in this. He can offer services relating to recruitment of staff, setting of tariffs, formulating operating procedures for the different medical departments, may offer consulting services on the evaluation of medical equipment to be purchased and may facilitate computerization of hospital functions.

In an existing facility he may advise on turn around strategies, do operational audits, costing of services and systems study and redesign. He may advise on hospital waste management practice. He may also advise on equipment planning, and participate in the purchase of the equipment, if the client so desires. Fees are not regulated, and will vary depending on the scope of services.

They may offer these services on a national or international basis. The national firm may have either many offices throughout the country or a home base or a few regional offices. Its design expertise includes master planning, layout, and equipment from projects ranging from medical colleges to rural primary health care centers. The Consulting Architect may also extend his scope of services to do conceptual planning and schematic layouts for individual hospital projects.

This will then be then the input to the next consultant, the Architect. The selection committee may sit through four presentations a day, hearing equally good demonstrations of expertise. The following tips may help narrow the choice: a Find out which member of the firm will handle the job and evaluate his or her responses.

Do not pick the lowest fee just because it is low. Once a fee is verbalized, it greatly influences a committee. However this fee amounts to only a small fraction of the total amount you will spend for construction, and an even smaller amount of the total project cost, including land and medical equipment.

Money is not saved if the building does not operate efficiently. Every 3 to 5 years of operations will cost as much as the initial construction. The building will in all probability operate for around 50 years. It is important to trust in your selection. He would also be responsible for obtaining clearance as to fire-fighting provisions and means of exit such as staircases.

He may be the same as the Municipal Architect. He would then, in addition to the above-mentioned functions, supervise the day-to-day activities on site, reporting to the main architect. He could also provide information on locally available materials and local methods of construction. He could advise on the traditional architecture of the region, if the main architects desire to respond to it in their proposed aesthetic for the facility.

Both these architects are better selected by the Main Architect than the client, as the working relationship between all these architects needs to be based on mutual respect and hence cooperation.

Many a project has come to grief over disputes or differences in outlook between different firms of architects working on the same project.

Creative professionals can often be prima donnas, or behave like them. Structural engineers are more generically called civil engineers. Historically, engineers who worked on non-military projects became known as civil engineers. Three main divisions of civil engineering exist today: a Transportation Engineers b Structural Engineers c Sanitation Engineers Civil Engineers contribute their talents to hospital construction in three areas: i Site Planning ii Structural Design iii Construction Site planning: Site planning is the art and science of arranging the uses of land.

Site planning is done professionally by architects, landscape architects and civil engineers. The civil engineer plays a role in readjusting the existing landform through designed grading and providing for proper drainage. Structural work needs to be coordinated with the architect and the other engineering consultants; this coordination is absolutely essential in hospital projects.

He will decide in consultation with the architect the structural system to be used. It is in the preliminary stages of design that the structural engineer can effect the most savings. He must be appointed at the beginning of the project, and work with the architect even during conceptual design. Construction: The civil engineer is responsible for inspection and testing of the materials used in construction, to make certain the owner gets the quality and quantity specified.

He also happens to give you the structural stability certificate. His role is that of Construction Manager, dealt with in detail later on. Mechanical Engineers study the conservation of energy and apply it in the most efficient and economical way. He will design the incorporation of the necessary filters into the air-conditioning system to produce the desired sterility conditions in that space.

This consultant addresses the HVAC design, a very important aspect in healthcare facility. For one, it is a high energy guzzler, and thereon, design properly it can check infection, but not designed properly, it can become a source of infection.

Electrical Engineers, if you appoint one and all your electrical design requirements are taken care of. Wishful thinking! One just has to browse through the sub-trades to realize that this goes beyond the commonly perceived power design considerations — the sub-station, transformer, D G sets, L.

They design the electrical systems of the hospital and calculate the electrical loads based on lighting and equipment loads. He should be aware of the public utility supply and rates to ensure economical power distribution and the required emergency supply. The indirection pattern supports low coupling and reuses potential between two elements by assigning the responsibility of mediation between them to an intermediate object.

An example of this is the introduction of a controller component for mediation between data model and its representation view in the model-view-controller pattern. This ensures that coupling between them remains low.

Problem: Where to assign responsibility, to avoid direct coupling between two or more things? How to de-couple objects so that low coupling is supported and reuse potential remains higher? Solution: Assign the responsibility to an intermediate object to mediate between other components or services so that they are not directly coupled.

The intermediary creates an indirection between the other components. Coupling is a measure of how strongly one element is connected to, has knowledge of, or relies on other elements.

Low coupling is an evaluative pattern that dictates how to assign responsibilities for the following benefits:. High cohesion is an evaluative pattern that attempts to keep objects appropriately focused, manageable and understandable. High cohesion is generally used in support of low coupling.

High cohesion means that the responsibilities of a given set of elements are strongly related and highly focused on a rather specific topic. Breaking programs into classes and subsystems, if correctly done, is an example of activities that increase the cohesive properties of named classes and subsystems.

Alternatively, low cohesion is a situation in which a set of elements, of e. Subsystems with low cohesion between their constituent elements often suffer from being hard to comprehend, reuse, maintain and change as a whole. According to the polymorphism principle, responsibility for defining the variation of behaviors based on type is assigned to the type for which this variation happens.

This is achieved using polymorphic operations. The user of the type should use polymorphic operations instead of explicit branching based on type.

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These techniques have not been invented to create new ways of working, but to better document and standardize old, tried-and-tested programming principles in object-oriented design. Larman states that “the critical design tool for software development is a mind well educated in design principles. It is not UML or any other technology. In object-oriented design, a pattern is a named description of a problem and solution that can be applied in new contexts; ideally, a pattern advises us on how to apply its solution in varying circumstances and considers the forces and trade-offs.

Many patterns, given a specific category of problem, guide the assignment of responsibilities to objects. Problem: What is a basic principle by which to assign responsibilities to objects? Solution: Assign responsibility to the class that has the information needed to fulfill it. Information expert also expert or the expert principle is a principle used to determine where to delegate responsibilities such as methods, computed fields, and so on.

Using the principle of information expert, a general approach to assigning responsibilities is to look at a given responsibility, determine the information needed to fulfill it, and then determine where that information is stored.

This will lead to placing the responsibility on the class with the most information required to fullfill it. The creation of objects is one of the most common activities in an object-oriented system.

Which class is responsible for creating objects is a fundamental property of the relationship between objects of particular classes. Problem: Who creates object A? Solution: In general, Assign class B the responsibility to create object A if one, or preferably more, of the following apply:. The controller pattern assigns the responsibility of dealing with system events to a non- UI class that represents the overall system or a use case scenario.

A controller object is a non-user interface object responsible for receiving or handling a system event. Problem: Who should be responsible for handling an input system event? Solution: A use case controller should be used to deal with all system events of a use case, and may be used for more than one use case. For instance, for the use cases Create User and Delete User , one can have a single class called UserController , instead of two separate use case controllers.

The controller is defined as the first object beyond the UI layer that receives and coordinates “controls” a system operation. The controller should delegate the work that needs to be done to other objects; it coordinates or controls the activity. It should not do much work itself. The indirection pattern supports low coupling and reuses potential between two elements by assigning the responsibility of mediation between them to an intermediate object.

An example of this is the introduction of a controller component for mediation between data model and its representation view in the model-view-controller pattern.

This ensures that coupling between them remains low. Sign contracts. Learn more. Beautiful design. Powerful soul. Read more George Tinari. Read more Dan DeSilva. One of the best apps to handle or edit PDFs on your Mac. Read more Preshit Deorukhkar. Read more J. PDF Expert is one of my must-have apps. Read more Federico Viticci. Read more Jignesh Padhiyar.

PDF Expert fluently speaks. Free download Buy now. Experience Education Healthcare Construction Management. This checklist is created specifically with software projects in mind.

The simple layout prompts you to review and comment on system requirements, software structure, the user interface, data models, and much more, but you can add or remove criteria to fit the needs of your project. Once you complete a CDR and all testing, use this checklist to perform a final review of your software project. Use this checklist to conduct a design review for an electrical project.

The template comes pre-filled with sections to address compliance and safety requirements, as well as specific electrical considerations, such as alarm panels, gas, and lighting. Add more rows to fit the needs of your project, and get sign-off on each element to ensure that your electrical project is up to design specs, code, and safety regulations. Use this checklist to review architectural designs, particularly for single-home construction projects. The template includes space to review all aspects of a traditional architectural project, including the site, building, and landscape plans; height requirements; and details about the facade e.

You can edit the template to fit the needs of your particular endeavor. The best marketing teams know the importance of effective campaign management, consistent creative operations, and powerful event logistics — and Smartsheet helps you deliver on all three so you can be more effective and achieve more. The Smartsheet platform makes it easy to plan, capture, manage, and report on work from anywhere, helping your team be more effective and get more done.

Report on key metrics and get real-time visibility into work as it happens with roll-up reports, dashboards, and automated workflows built to keep your team connected and informed. Try Smartsheet for free, today. Get a Free Smartsheet Demo. In this article. Preliminary Design Review Checklist. Simple, powerful marketing campaign management in Smartsheet.

Critical Design Review Checklist. Final Design Review Checklist. Requirements Review Checklist. Non-Technical Design Review Checklist. Design Review Agenda Template. Design Milestone Breakout Checklist.

Oct 02,  · Compared to novice design thinkers, expert design thinkers typically (a) clarify and define problems at hand adequately in a shorter time, (b) use integrated design strategies instead of trial-and. Aug 13,  · Hospital Design Guide: How to get started: Contents replace.me uses cookies to personalize content, tailor ads and improve the user experience. Help Center; less; Expand PDF. Free PDF. Expand PDF. Free PDF. Expand PDF. Free PDF. Expand PDF. Download Free PDF Download PDF Download Free PDF View PDF. In book: Basic Guidelines for Research: An Introductory Approach for All Disciplines (pp) Edition: First; Chapter: 6; Publisher: Book Zone Publication, Chittagong, Bangladesh. If you need some extra help with our envelope layout templates, our friendly customer service representatives are here to offer their expert assistance. Need an envelope design? Check out our Design Gallery, which is filled with free easy-to-personalize envelope design templates. We offer a variety of designs, so no matter what industry, style. Take SmartDraw on site with you. Create a warehouse design online using your Mac ® or PC laptop. You can also use SmartDraw on your tablet or smartphone running iOS ®, Android ®, or any other replace.me ready, share your design with others using Dropbox ®, Google Drive ™, OneDrive ®, and SharePoint ®.You can also export it to Microsoft Word ®, Excel ®, PDF, .
General Responsibility Assignment Software Patterns (or Principles), abbreviated GRASP, is a set of “nine fundamental principles in object design and responsibility assignment”: 6 first published by Craig Larman in his [citation needed] book Applying UML and Patterns.. The different patterns and principles used in GRASP are controller, creator, indirection, information . Oct 02,  · Compared to novice design thinkers, expert design thinkers typically (a) clarify and define problems at hand adequately in a shorter time, (b) use integrated design strategies instead of trial-and. Take SmartDraw on site with you. Create a warehouse design online using your Mac ® or PC laptop. You can also use SmartDraw on your tablet or smartphone running iOS ®, Android ®, or any other replace.me ready, share your design with others using Dropbox ®, Google Drive ™, OneDrive ®, and SharePoint ®.You can also export it to Microsoft Word ®, Excel ®, PDF, .
 
 

 

(PDF) Hospital Design Guide: How to get started: Contents | Hussain Varawalla – replace.me.People also downloaded these free PDFs

 

Smartsheet Contributor Joe Weller. Download checklists for different phases of a design review and for specific types of projects. Included on this page, you’ll find a preliminary design review checklist template , a critical design review checklist template , a final design review checklist template , and a checklist for conducting an engineering design review.

Use this checklist to perform a preliminary design review PDR of your project. The template walks you through high-level criteria relevant to this early stage of the process — check off entry and exit criteria, deliverables, risk assessment and mitigation efforts, your agenda, presentation materials, requests for action RFAs , technical coordination efforts, and more.

The simple table also provides space to add comments about each activity. Excel Word PDF. Smartsheet is a cloud-based platform that allows teams and organizations to more effectively manage campaigns, helping you to maintain consistency across channels, eliminate silos, and increase visibility. See Smartsheet in action. Watch a free demo. A critical design review CDR is a technical review you perform while a project is underway to verify plans are working out as expected.

You usually perform CDRs for technical systems projects, but you can conduct them for any design project to ensure you complete all the elements as specified. Fill in this simple checklist with project objectives, an outline of the approach, system implementation details, a schedule, a status update of each component or deliverable, and any challenges. There is also space to get approval signatures before proceeding to the next phase of the project.

This FDR template includes space to detail project or product information. It also includes a table where you can check off each design item and its verification testing outcome. Then you can grade each design item for compliance in a variety of categories.

The template comes pre-filled with rows for aesthetic, safety, environmental, and industry standards among others , but you can customize the checklist to fit the needs and specifications of your project. Word PDF. Some projects benefit from a requirements review , wherein stakeholders determine everything that a project will entail and require at the outset. This simple requirements review checklist — adapted from a standard statement of work SOW — includes space to list project details, objectives, and your rationale.

It also includes a table to note the due date and completion criteria for each individual deliverable. Get input from all relevant stakeholders and have them sign off before moving forward with production. Often, non-developers or non-designers also have to sign off on the design elements of a particular product or project.

This template is designed specifically for non-technical design reviews. The checklist prompts you to review design, typography, and size consistency; appropriateness of wording; design flexibility and feasibility; and any legal implications.

The template functions like an outline and provides space to detail the project background, key objectives, and concept selection. The agenda prompts you to perform a brief feasibility analysis, review risks, and decide on next steps. The template uses an architecture project as an example, but you can customize the document to fit your needs.

This Excel template provides four worksheets that break down the review process from start to finish. With this capability, you can review design milestones, high-level pre-design requirements, technical requirements, and the user interface all in one easy-to-use file. The template comes pre-filled with sample elements for review but is completely customizable to fit the needs of your specific project. Excel Smartsheet. This template is designed specifically with engineering projects in mind.

Use the checklist to guide your review of physical product specs, safety considerations, environmental impact, legal and regulatory compliance, and handling and assembly requirements, among other factors.

You can customize the template to meet the needs of your engineering project. It also includes signature lines for final approval. Use this template to conduct a design review of any systems-based project, and edit the checklist to include additional specifications that apply to your project. The template comes with space to detail project information, feasibility, design approach, constraints, limitations, risks, assumptions, compliance, and much more.

Depending on the stage at which you perform the review, you can also include information about testing and deployment. This checklist is created specifically with software projects in mind. The simple layout prompts you to review and comment on system requirements, software structure, the user interface, data models, and much more, but you can add or remove criteria to fit the needs of your project. Once you complete a CDR and all testing, use this checklist to perform a final review of your software project.

Use this checklist to conduct a design review for an electrical project. The template comes pre-filled with sections to address compliance and safety requirements, as well as specific electrical considerations, such as alarm panels, gas, and lighting. Add more rows to fit the needs of your project, and get sign-off on each element to ensure that your electrical project is up to design specs, code, and safety regulations.

Use this checklist to review architectural designs, particularly for single-home construction projects. The template includes space to review all aspects of a traditional architectural project, including the site, building, and landscape plans; height requirements; and details about the facade e. You can edit the template to fit the needs of your particular endeavor. The best marketing teams know the importance of effective campaign management, consistent creative operations, and powerful event logistics — and Smartsheet helps you deliver on all three so you can be more effective and achieve more.

The Smartsheet platform makes it easy to plan, capture, manage, and report on work from anywhere, helping your team be more effective and get more done.

Report on key metrics and get real-time visibility into work as it happens with roll-up reports, dashboards, and automated workflows built to keep your team connected and informed. Try Smartsheet for free, today. Get a Free Smartsheet Demo. In this article. Preliminary Design Review Checklist. Simple, powerful marketing campaign management in Smartsheet. Critical Design Review Checklist. Final Design Review Checklist. Requirements Review Checklist.

Non-Technical Design Review Checklist. Design Review Agenda Template. Design Milestone Breakout Checklist. Engineering Design Review Checklist. System Design Review Checklist. Software Design Review Checklist. Electrical Design Review Checklist. Architectural Design Review Checklist. Build Powerful, Automated Approval Processes and Workflows with Smartsheet The best marketing teams know the importance of effective campaign management, consistent creative operations, and powerful event logistics — and Smartsheet helps you deliver on all three so you can be more effective and achieve more.

Improve your marketing efforts and deliver best-in-class campaigns.

May 08,  · Learn. Learning Center Find tutorials, help articles & webinars.; Community Find answers, learn best practices, or ask a question.; Smartsheet University Access eLearning, Instructor-led training, and certification.; Support. Help Center Get answers to common questions or open up a support case.; Technical Support Get expert coaching, deep technical support . In book: Basic Guidelines for Research: An Introductory Approach for All Disciplines (pp) Edition: First; Chapter: 6; Publisher: Book Zone Publication, Chittagong, Bangladesh. Take SmartDraw on site with you. Create a warehouse design online using your Mac ® or PC laptop. You can also use SmartDraw on your tablet or smartphone running iOS ®, Android ®, or any other replace.me ready, share your design with others using Dropbox ®, Google Drive ™, OneDrive ®, and SharePoint ®.You can also export it to Microsoft Word ®, Excel ®, PDF, . eXPert PDF Reader is a free PDF viewer software that lets you view and print pdf documents on windows operating systems. eXPert PDF reader will also allow modification of existing documents. You may modify document outlines, insert rubber stamps and modify any annotation that has been created from eXPert PDF or any other pdf creation software.

This template features clean and professional layouts according to modern tendencies with a light background theme. Melrose is a perfect choice for the ladies who love modern templates to feature their works more stylishly.

This template comes with 24 InDesign pages ideal for photographers, designers, and brand ads. The layouts featured detailed Polaroid and visual elements to emphasize bravura and typography.

This template is an excellent match for Interior designers to present their designs elegantly and professionally. If you are an interior designer, this can be the best option for you. Landscape Anqua Portfolio featured with a page Photoshop CC brochure with a unique and modern minimal layout.

This template is the best fit for an interior graphic designer, architectural designer with a dark theme. This page minimal brochure design template is another fabulous option for the thick showcase presentation. It is a multipurpose portfolio that can be used by almost all types of designers and agencies.

A beautiful 28 pages multipurpose brochure template is another modern, clean, and fully customizable portfolio for business designers. Ai , and a pdf file. Another 28 pages minimal brochure multipurpose portfolio template by TheTemplateTemple. It features a beautiful bi-fold layout to present your works especially.

A stylish yet straightforward graphic designer portfolio template for the professional designers by Occy Design. Thirty layout pages for product designs, graphic designs, vector designs, and so on.

This template is a generic and decent template that suits almost every type of project and design. This template is another excellent multipurpose brochure format by TheTemplateTemple. This Spotless, modern, and fully editable template is designed for presenting product designs. Quadrum portfolio is designed with pages of Adobe InDesign and a brochure template.

It comes in a modern and dark black minimal layout with two different sizes. Landscape and slim portfolio featured with 24 awesome seasonal layout pages. If you are a seasonal designer of nature, this portfolio template is the right option for you.

This template is a simple, clean, and decent portfolio for graphic designers, vector designers, product designers, and architectural designers. It features a brochure layout to present their work professionally. Graphic Design Portfolio template by Occy Design is an elegant and royal portfolio style.

It is featured with 30 InDesign pages in two different sizes. This San Francisco portfolio is an excellent deal for the photography designers to present their showcases and photo albums in a well-designed and professional way. Desk Calendars. Door Hangers.

EDDM Postcards. Event Tickets. Hang Tags. ID Badges. Invitation cards. Memo Pads. Mounted Posters. Note Pads. Perfect Bind Booklets. Pocket Folders. Premium Flyers.

Premium Menus. Rack Cards. Roll Stickers. Sales Data Sheets. Sheet Stickers. Thus you see that a careful analysis of the plot will go a long way to determine the efficiency and thus the cost-benefit advantages of its proposed usage. There may be a high tension electrical line running through the plot.

It should be ascertained whether these can be shifted or how much it will disrupt planning if not. Many such pitfalls await the unwary. While the municipal regulations that come hand in hand with every plot of land will permit the desired usage are a very important site attribute, they differ considerably from city to city, and even with in cities from site to site, and a detailed discussion on them is beyond the scope of this book.

The National Building Code of India, however, specifies that the maximum height a hospital building can go up to is This height is usually measured from the centerline of the access road to the site, i.

We come to the third attribute, the shape of the site. This is usually a matter of common sense. As a thumb rule, we have found that given the area as a constant, for the smaller sites, a ratio of Usually you will find there is only one access road on the short side of the site.

If it is on the long side you are luckier. Small sites with odd, jagged shapes are obviously unsuitable, large sites are a pleasure to work with, despite a few zigs and zags. By orientation of a site I mean the orientation of the building s it will permit. In the smaller urban sites we have been discussing before, it is unlikely you will have any choice in the matter.

As large parts of these hospitals are likely to be artificially lit and ventilated, the orientation is important as to the heat gain from sunlight. Techniques exist to calculate and minimize this with various building features and materials.

On larger semi-urban and rural sites the opportunity exists to orient the buildings to make most use of natural light and ventilation. This is the subject matter of a science called Climatology and a detailed discussion is beyond the scope of this book. A lot of reading and reference material is available on this subject in this age of green architecture. I would suggest to future clients that an inherited site or a site bought on the attractiveness of the asking price is not the most cost-beneficial way of going about planning a healthcare facility.

Attention to the selection factors outlined above would go a long way to contributing to the success of the project. Model making skills too seem to have suffered and there is a reluctance to build a lot of quick and dirty study models because of the time taken and the easiness with which the building views can be prepared in 3-D.

The views are so much more seductive than our little dirty models of Styrofoam of yesteryear that I too stand guilty of being seduced by them, not to speak of the ultimate authority, the client. I leave it to you to decide which road is better. In our youth we had to baptize these models with drops of blood from accidentally cut fingers.

I taught design in an architectural school briefly once, and the thing that most amazed me was that given a design assignment with the same site and the same brief the size of the buildings put down on paper by these students varied greatly!

On probing a bit more I found there was no idea in their heads at this initial first cut of design of how big these buildings were. The way I approach the issue is to take the total footprint area of the building, punch it into my calculator and hit the square root button.

Then you draw a square with that dimension to scale. After drawing this square you can very quickly using your eye alone modulate this square into various basic building forms of the same area. This gives you a very quick idea about various footprints in plan. More amazing is that they will stay the same size with respect to your body and you can see the whole site and its surroundings!

It is very important to understand the scale of your designs; simplistically put, you could say it is what architectural space is all about. On a site that has multiple usages by which I mean buildings housing differing kinds of functions it is useful at the onset of design to block out appropriate areas that each usage will occupy. The Design Team: The Importance of Consultants Hussain Varawalla In the conceptualization, design, construction and commissioning of any successfully run healthcare facility project, the services of some or all of the following types of consultants will be required: 1.

Project Management Consultants 6. Lighting Consultant 7. Networking Consultant 8. Fire Safety Consultant Logistics Consultant Acoustic Consultant Quantity Surveyors Public Health Engineering Consultant Environment Clearance Consultant Bio-Medical Waste Consultant Infection Control Risk Assessor Kitchen Design Consultant Laundry Design Consultant Audio-Visual Coordinator Chartered Accountant Geo-Technologist Land Surveyor Landscape Architect His most important function is to provide an independent professional opinion and plan based on an unbiased look at the total operation.

This consultant is usually retained to develop a long-range plan also known as strategic plan. The facility planner would typically have domain knowledge of the subject of construction. And while the architect would know what it takes to design a building, the planner would typically advise on the functional content.

He would advise on the facility mix — what are the services and the number of beds to be accommodated, what should be the sizing of the X-ray rooms, what should come next to the emergency care services, what are the minimum critical heights for the surgical floor etc. A good planner should have an understanding of finance, medical practice, architectural and engineering practices too. The consulting architect will help him in this. He can offer services relating to recruitment of staff, setting of tariffs, formulating operating procedures for the different medical departments, may offer consulting services on the evaluation of medical equipment to be purchased and may facilitate computerization of hospital functions.

In an existing facility he may advise on turn around strategies, do operational audits, costing of services and systems study and redesign. He may advise on hospital waste management practice. He may also advise on equipment planning, and participate in the purchase of the equipment, if the client so desires. Fees are not regulated, and will vary depending on the scope of services. They may offer these services on a national or international basis.

The national firm may have either many offices throughout the country or a home base or a few regional offices. Its design expertise includes master planning, layout, and equipment from projects ranging from medical colleges to rural primary health care centers. The Consulting Architect may also extend his scope of services to do conceptual planning and schematic layouts for individual hospital projects.

This will then be then the input to the next consultant, the Architect. The selection committee may sit through four presentations a day, hearing equally good demonstrations of expertise. The following tips may help narrow the choice: a Find out which member of the firm will handle the job and evaluate his or her responses. Do not pick the lowest fee just because it is low. Once a fee is verbalized, it greatly influences a committee.

However this fee amounts to only a small fraction of the total amount you will spend for construction, and an even smaller amount of the total project cost, including land and medical equipment.

Money is not saved if the building does not operate efficiently. Every 3 to 5 years of operations will cost as much as the initial construction. The building will in all probability operate for around 50 years. It is important to trust in your selection. He would also be responsible for obtaining clearance as to fire-fighting provisions and means of exit such as staircases. He may be the same as the Municipal Architect. He would then, in addition to the above-mentioned functions, supervise the day-to-day activities on site, reporting to the main architect.

He could also provide information on locally available materials and local methods of construction. He could advise on the traditional architecture of the region, if the main architects desire to respond to it in their proposed aesthetic for the facility.

Both these architects are better selected by the Main Architect than the client, as the working relationship between all these architects needs to be based on mutual respect and hence cooperation.

Many a project has come to grief over disputes or differences in outlook between different firms of architects working on the same project. Creative professionals can often be prima donnas, or behave like them.

Structural engineers are more generically called civil engineers. Historically, engineers who worked on non-military projects became known as civil engineers.

Three main divisions of civil engineering exist today: a Transportation Engineers b Structural Engineers c Sanitation Engineers Civil Engineers contribute their talents to hospital construction in three areas: i Site Planning ii Structural Design iii Construction Site planning: Site planning is the art and science of arranging the uses of land.

Site planning is done professionally by architects, landscape architects and civil engineers. The civil engineer plays a role in readjusting the existing landform through designed grading and providing for proper drainage. Structural work needs to be coordinated with the architect and the other engineering consultants; this coordination is absolutely essential in hospital projects.

He will decide in consultation with the architect the structural system to be used. It is in the preliminary stages of design that the structural engineer can effect the most savings. He must be appointed at the beginning of the project, and work with the architect even during conceptual design.

Construction: The civil engineer is responsible for inspection and testing of the materials used in construction, to make certain the owner gets the quality and quantity specified. He also happens to give you the structural stability certificate. His role is that of Construction Manager, dealt with in detail later on. Mechanical Engineers study the conservation of energy and apply it in the most efficient and economical way.

He will design the incorporation of the necessary filters into the air-conditioning system to produce the desired sterility conditions in that space. This consultant addresses the HVAC design, a very important aspect in healthcare facility. For one, it is a high energy guzzler, and thereon, design properly it can check infection, but not designed properly, it can become a source of infection.

Electrical Engineers, if you appoint one and all your electrical design requirements are taken care of. Wishful thinking! One just has to browse through the sub-trades to realize that this goes beyond the commonly perceived power design considerations — the sub-station, transformer, D G sets, L.

They design the electrical systems of the hospital and calculate the electrical loads based on lighting and equipment loads. He should be aware of the public utility supply and rates to ensure economical power distribution and the required emergency supply. He will specify the equipment needed. He will design control and monitoring systems Building Management Systems and cater to communications and data processing requirements. Plumbing Engineers are responsible for the processed water supply and liquid waste disposal throughout the building.

They design the capacity of the water tanks overhead and underground required based on occupancy and applicable regulations. They design the fire-fighting systems required, the sewage treatment plant if required and water purification plants for the hospital. The plumbing consultant would also advise you on the choice of gravity water flow versus hydro- pneumatic system, the various technologies available for sewage treatment and what works best for you, the choice of an IBR boiler versus a non-IBR boiler, how to secure dry steam and quite probably, also the fire-fighting systems of hydrants and sprinklers.

In its engineering requirements, each hospital presents a unique problem. There is no universal solution to the selection of a system even after the problem is defined. There are many technical considerations depending on the medical equipment to be housed and the medical procedures to be performed within the proposed facility.

Coordination of the work of the engineering design team and the architectural design team is of crucial importance. A lot can go wrong if this is not rigorously done, especially in hospital design. Very often, at the end of the project, a few of the consultants and sometimes the client too are not satisfied with the outcome.

Value engineering is a set of concepts and methods used to adjust designs to acquire the best total value. Using definition and analysis of function, value engineering is aimed at achieving the lowest total cost commensurate with design excellence. Specific methods include function analysis, brainstorming sessions, matrix comparisons and analysis of life-cycle costs. By now, almost all projects include a project management consultant to save time, ensure quality and stay within the budget.

The advantages of including a project manager early in the design phase can be great. For example, the project manager is familiar with: o Current building systems that are available on the regional market at a competitive price. This knowledge, if applied in the design phase, can lead to cost improvements, time savings and fewer change orders. The expected contingencies now budgeted and used should be reducible.

Many architect-engineer firms offer project management services. The project manager performs a variety of functions, such as managing general conditions on site, including start-up and overall supervision. Towards the end of construction, the project manager is responsible for drawing up a certificate of substantial completion. If only it were a matter of placing a couple of fixtures in a room! There are lighting standards that define the level of illumination, commonly measured in terms of lux, for all spaces.

It does not help much that these are defined in a range, say, How should the metal halides be placed? Are sodium vapor lamps a better option or should one consider photo voltaic lamps for external lighting? Will ingress protection level at IP 54 do, or is IP 56 required? These are some of the riddles that a trained lighting consultant helps resolve. While we have D. D, we may also have ZIP phones and then the now ubiquitous mobile telephony boosters.

Will their installation interfere with the readings on the monitor? Can I run the power and data cables in the same conduit? But what is the best infrastructure backbone — CAT 6 or fiber optics? Should the cabling for central monitoring be done in parallel or in series? How best can I connect my outreach programs to the specialist at my referral centre — tele-medicine? Is core networking adequate or will there be applications which require wireless networking?

How secure would these be? Bar coding! Smart cards! And we are not even contending with the choice of software, the servers and hardware as yet. These consultants are much more than mere electrical engineers.

Where should the nurse call from treadmill be annunciated at — emergency care or in the ICU? How is the Code Blue to be relayed — over phone by the nurse or by a dedicated paging system? How is the patient data charted — at the nurse station or on the move? With the introduction of tablets, patient administration has changed in ways previously unimaginable. He is concerned with the following aspects of design: a.

Night vision cameras? Quadraplex monitors? Public Address — should this be provided in the patient room? In the operating room? How does one plan for selective zone annunciation? How does one deal with fire safety in a public institution where the primary users are perhaps incapacitated?

One has a network of smoke detectors and heat detectors to detect fire. But what if there is a fire? There are laws of the land and which are getting increasingly intricate. The some detection systems get linked to the HVAC system which has in turn to be drawn in keeping with the principles of fire zoning. In the event of a fire the HVAC system shuts down to prevent ingression of smoke into other zones.

The fire doors, the planning of the refuge area, the planning of elevators as fire elevators, the linkage of alarm activation to the local fire station are subject matter of the fire safety expert. What if there is a break out in intensive care or worse, in an operation room? One cannot use the sprinklers, not foam or dry chemical powders the patient could be cut open , not carbon dioxide the patient and others could asphyxiate …so what are the choices?

This consultant would advise on the choices of agents that can be used in a gas based fire suppression system that would be safe to use. Elevators, escalators, pneumatic tubes, dumb waiters are some means of vertical communication. The sizes, numbers and speeds are determined by traffic analysis.

This is yet to gain currency in India but is an important regulation and consideration in certain developed economies. The National Building Code too defines the permissible decibel levels. Also, the source of noise, the material considerations to attenuate the decibels etc. Also, this resource facilitates complying with the documentation, submissions and presentation. His job is to determine the infection control measures and how these are to be factored into design.

It is this consultant who also advises on types and numbers of isolation rooms. He zones the kitchen in terms of material receipt area, bulk stores, day stores, prep area, cooking area, wash area, cutlery store, tray setting area….

You may choose between a washing machine with hydro-extractor and a washer- extractor — and this consultant helps you choose. Without a soil investigation survey and thereby determining the safe bearing capacity, the structural designer cannot calculate the optimal solution. If the plot is sloping a contour plan needs to be prepared. The trees, the underground utilities et al need to be marked. This is done by the surveyor. These systems work on different technologies and it takes a coordinator to make this work, especially when the provisions have to be generic, as at the project stage, and then adapt to whatever technology is brought in.

While the architect usually does the layouts of motorable roads, the landscape designer suggests the layout of pedestrian pathways, paved outdoor areas and plantation. He may also suggest water bodies, fountains, street furniture and lighting and provide detailed construction drawings for all these elements.

He will work in close coordination with the main architect. In the case of a hospital, it is best that the interior designer is able to work as a direct extension of the architect and is often hired directly by the architect to perform work included in the basic architectural contract. The architects firm may itself contain an interior design division. Such designers are best qualified to perform the total range of services needed to complete any medical facility including basic design and functional considerations, durability and maintenance of product, and control of costs.

Fees vary, based on scope of work. The earlier the consultant is retained, the better. Listed below in chronological order are some of the interior design services available: i Analysis of scope and architectural review. The interior of a hospital should be tied to a graphics program and that requires the services of a Graphic Designer. Two types of programs are of interest to the hospital designer.

From self-storage to manufacturing and everything in between, SmartDraw warehouse layout and design software is fast and easy. Use our templates or make custom drawings. Concerned about the time and effort required to learn how to use it? SmartDraw gives you a better alternative. SmartDraw is easy to use because it does so much of the drawing for you. Start with one of hundreds of design templates from basic building outlines to finished warehouse plans.

Or use a blank canvas and design your warehouse layout from scratch. Simply click on a wall and type in the dimensions to resize it. Once a fee is verbalized, it greatly influences a committee. However this fee amounts to only a small fraction of the total amount you will spend for construction, and an even smaller amount of the total project cost, including land and medical equipment.

Money is not saved if the building does not operate efficiently. Every 3 to 5 years of operations will cost as much as the initial construction. The building will in all probability operate for around 50 years. It is important to trust in your selection.

He would also be responsible for obtaining clearance as to fire-fighting provisions and means of exit such as staircases. He may be the same as the Municipal Architect. He would then, in addition to the above-mentioned functions, supervise the day-to-day activities on site, reporting to the main architect.

He could also provide information on locally available materials and local methods of construction. He could advise on the traditional architecture of the region, if the main architects desire to respond to it in their proposed aesthetic for the facility.

Both these architects are better selected by the Main Architect than the client, as the working relationship between all these architects needs to be based on mutual respect and hence cooperation. Many a project has come to grief over disputes or differences in outlook between different firms of architects working on the same project. Creative professionals can often be prima donnas, or behave like them. Structural engineers are more generically called civil engineers.

Historically, engineers who worked on non-military projects became known as civil engineers. Three main divisions of civil engineering exist today: a Transportation Engineers b Structural Engineers c Sanitation Engineers Civil Engineers contribute their talents to hospital construction in three areas: i Site Planning ii Structural Design iii Construction Site planning: Site planning is the art and science of arranging the uses of land. Site planning is done professionally by architects, landscape architects and civil engineers.

The civil engineer plays a role in readjusting the existing landform through designed grading and providing for proper drainage. Structural work needs to be coordinated with the architect and the other engineering consultants; this coordination is absolutely essential in hospital projects. He will decide in consultation with the architect the structural system to be used.

It is in the preliminary stages of design that the structural engineer can effect the most savings. He must be appointed at the beginning of the project, and work with the architect even during conceptual design. Construction: The civil engineer is responsible for inspection and testing of the materials used in construction, to make certain the owner gets the quality and quantity specified.

He also happens to give you the structural stability certificate. His role is that of Construction Manager, dealt with in detail later on. Mechanical Engineers study the conservation of energy and apply it in the most efficient and economical way. He will design the incorporation of the necessary filters into the air-conditioning system to produce the desired sterility conditions in that space.

This consultant addresses the HVAC design, a very important aspect in healthcare facility. For one, it is a high energy guzzler, and thereon, design properly it can check infection, but not designed properly, it can become a source of infection. Electrical Engineers, if you appoint one and all your electrical design requirements are taken care of.

Wishful thinking! One just has to browse through the sub-trades to realize that this goes beyond the commonly perceived power design considerations — the sub-station, transformer, D G sets, L. They design the electrical systems of the hospital and calculate the electrical loads based on lighting and equipment loads. He should be aware of the public utility supply and rates to ensure economical power distribution and the required emergency supply. He will specify the equipment needed.

He will design control and monitoring systems Building Management Systems and cater to communications and data processing requirements. Plumbing Engineers are responsible for the processed water supply and liquid waste disposal throughout the building. They design the capacity of the water tanks overhead and underground required based on occupancy and applicable regulations.

They design the fire-fighting systems required, the sewage treatment plant if required and water purification plants for the hospital. The plumbing consultant would also advise you on the choice of gravity water flow versus hydro- pneumatic system, the various technologies available for sewage treatment and what works best for you, the choice of an IBR boiler versus a non-IBR boiler, how to secure dry steam and quite probably, also the fire-fighting systems of hydrants and sprinklers.

In its engineering requirements, each hospital presents a unique problem. There is no universal solution to the selection of a system even after the problem is defined. There are many technical considerations depending on the medical equipment to be housed and the medical procedures to be performed within the proposed facility. Coordination of the work of the engineering design team and the architectural design team is of crucial importance. A lot can go wrong if this is not rigorously done, especially in hospital design.

Very often, at the end of the project, a few of the consultants and sometimes the client too are not satisfied with the outcome. Value engineering is a set of concepts and methods used to adjust designs to acquire the best total value. Using definition and analysis of function, value engineering is aimed at achieving the lowest total cost commensurate with design excellence.

Specific methods include function analysis, brainstorming sessions, matrix comparisons and analysis of life-cycle costs.

By now, almost all projects include a project management consultant to save time, ensure quality and stay within the budget. The advantages of including a project manager early in the design phase can be great. For example, the project manager is familiar with: o Current building systems that are available on the regional market at a competitive price. This knowledge, if applied in the design phase, can lead to cost improvements, time savings and fewer change orders.

The expected contingencies now budgeted and used should be reducible. Many architect-engineer firms offer project management services. The project manager performs a variety of functions, such as managing general conditions on site, including start-up and overall supervision.

Towards the end of construction, the project manager is responsible for drawing up a certificate of substantial completion.

If only it were a matter of placing a couple of fixtures in a room! There are lighting standards that define the level of illumination, commonly measured in terms of lux, for all spaces. It does not help much that these are defined in a range, say, How should the metal halides be placed? Are sodium vapor lamps a better option or should one consider photo voltaic lamps for external lighting? Will ingress protection level at IP 54 do, or is IP 56 required?

These are some of the riddles that a trained lighting consultant helps resolve. While we have D. D, we may also have ZIP phones and then the now ubiquitous mobile telephony boosters.

Will their installation interfere with the readings on the monitor? Can I run the power and data cables in the same conduit? But what is the best infrastructure backbone — CAT 6 or fiber optics? Should the cabling for central monitoring be done in parallel or in series? How best can I connect my outreach programs to the specialist at my referral centre — tele-medicine? Is core networking adequate or will there be applications which require wireless networking?

How secure would these be? Bar coding! Smart cards! And we are not even contending with the choice of software, the servers and hardware as yet.

These consultants are much more than mere electrical engineers. Where should the nurse call from treadmill be annunciated at — emergency care or in the ICU? How is the Code Blue to be relayed — over phone by the nurse or by a dedicated paging system? How is the patient data charted — at the nurse station or on the move? With the introduction of tablets, patient administration has changed in ways previously unimaginable. He is concerned with the following aspects of design: a.

Night vision cameras? Quadraplex monitors? Public Address — should this be provided in the patient room? In the operating room? How does one plan for selective zone annunciation? How does one deal with fire safety in a public institution where the primary users are perhaps incapacitated?

One has a network of smoke detectors and heat detectors to detect fire. But what if there is a fire? There are laws of the land and which are getting increasingly intricate. The some detection systems get linked to the HVAC system which has in turn to be drawn in keeping with the principles of fire zoning.

In the event of a fire the HVAC system shuts down to prevent ingression of smoke into other zones. The fire doors, the planning of the refuge area, the planning of elevators as fire elevators, the linkage of alarm activation to the local fire station are subject matter of the fire safety expert. What if there is a break out in intensive care or worse, in an operation room?

One cannot use the sprinklers, not foam or dry chemical powders the patient could be cut open , not carbon dioxide the patient and others could asphyxiate …so what are the choices? This consultant would advise on the choices of agents that can be used in a gas based fire suppression system that would be safe to use.

Elevators, escalators, pneumatic tubes, dumb waiters are some means of vertical communication. The sizes, numbers and speeds are determined by traffic analysis. This is yet to gain currency in India but is an important regulation and consideration in certain developed economies. The National Building Code too defines the permissible decibel levels.

Also, the source of noise, the material considerations to attenuate the decibels etc. Also, this resource facilitates complying with the documentation, submissions and presentation. His job is to determine the infection control measures and how these are to be factored into design.

It is this consultant who also advises on types and numbers of isolation rooms. He zones the kitchen in terms of material receipt area, bulk stores, day stores, prep area, cooking area, wash area, cutlery store, tray setting area….

You may choose between a washing machine with hydro-extractor and a washer- extractor — and this consultant helps you choose. Without a soil investigation survey and thereby determining the safe bearing capacity, the structural designer cannot calculate the optimal solution. If the plot is sloping a contour plan needs to be prepared. The trees, the underground utilities et al need to be marked. This is done by the surveyor. These systems work on different technologies and it takes a coordinator to make this work, especially when the provisions have to be generic, as at the project stage, and then adapt to whatever technology is brought in.

While the architect usually does the layouts of motorable roads, the landscape designer suggests the layout of pedestrian pathways, paved outdoor areas and plantation. He may also suggest water bodies, fountains, street furniture and lighting and provide detailed construction drawings for all these elements. He will work in close coordination with the main architect. In the case of a hospital, it is best that the interior designer is able to work as a direct extension of the architect and is often hired directly by the architect to perform work included in the basic architectural contract.

The architects firm may itself contain an interior design division. Such designers are best qualified to perform the total range of services needed to complete any medical facility including basic design and functional considerations, durability and maintenance of product, and control of costs.

Fees vary, based on scope of work. The earlier the consultant is retained, the better. Listed below in chronological order are some of the interior design services available: i Analysis of scope and architectural review. The interior of a hospital should be tied to a graphics program and that requires the services of a Graphic Designer.

Two types of programs are of interest to the hospital designer. One is that of directional graphics, a signage program. A mass of information must be transmitted visually to the patients, visitors and staff so that time and motion are not wasted. The program develops a consistent lettering font and style and a directional program. The second is that of the corporate image of the hospital, the hospital logo and master program for all printed data. Graphic design should be thought through early in the design stage, allowing incorporation of the graphic design into the total design concept.

Basic equipment planning services might include: a Assisting the client in making equipment selections. Additional services, which may go beyond the scope of basic equipment planning services, may include a Assisting the owner in procuring and installing equipment and negotiating a purchase agreement with the vendor. Although the equipment planner can be quite helpful in this area, many health care providers may be affiliated with some type of bulk purchasing service and can negotiate competitive prices themselves.

The difference between an aggressively negotiated price and list price is considerable. Negotiated pricing also should include extended service contracts, which in themselves can eventually add up to a considerable sum. Departmental user group meetings consist of a series of long, intense, interactive work sessions. In order for these meetings to be conducted in a time-efficient manner, each department user group should have a general idea about the equipment it is considering to purchase or reuse.

The equipment planner can be an additional resource in describing some of the specific attributes and requirements of each unit, instead of having to begin with more basic issues. The equipment planner will bring a more objective viewpoint than the equipment vendor. One good way to learn more about the equipment that currently is in use is to visit similar facilities that have recently opened. When conducting such a tour, it is best to select a facility that is similar in scope to the one being designed.

It should also have been operational long enough for the staff to develop more than just first impressions, but not one that is so old that the equipment does not compare with what is currently on the market. Equipment vendors may also organize tours of their showrooms and current facilities showcasing their equipment. Such tours can be both educational and economical. However vendor organized tours tend to be less objective than those organized by the architect or equipment planner.

The bio-medical engineer also helps define the medical gas outlet distribution and the gas scavenging system in consultation with the doctor user group. Trade shows are another good source for learning about current equipment as well as staffing, management and business issues relating to the operations of health care facilities.

Many equipment vendors unveil their latest technology at such shows. Long before the first shovel hits dirt or hammer is swung, you will find yourself committed to many hours of planning meetings with professionals such as the above.

You will be an integral part of the design team. It cannot be bolted on. This will form a reference point for policy decisions taken by the design team, which will need to be consistent with this formulation of project goals or intention. Keep it short and state it with clarity. Weigh each word that forms part of this statement.

The whole team will look to you to provide direction and purpose to the whole effort. If you falter or show signs of indecision this will communicate itself to the entire team, and if this goes on for an extended period of time, the whole group will come apart at the seams.

You have to project, as Mr. Wang says above, strength and commitment, and lead from the front. If you are perceived as losing interest in the project, maybe you show the team that you are more concerned about your other business, then it is bad for morale.

You must always communicate keen interest in the project. Make an effort to establish a rapport with the key members of the design team. Maintain project momentum.

If you drag out the process, all concerned will lose interest. If they are already working in the existing facility they need to get themselves a hardhat and take on a part-time job. They will be liaison and interpreter between their staff and the design team.

My advice to this CEO is: a You need to be an active member of the planning and design team as early on as possible. This way you can keep up with progress and revisions. You should be on the mailing list for project meeting notes. Invite key members of your department to architectural planning sessions. Involve a cross section of staff from different shifts, those that embrace change and yes, those that are most resistant.

Determine what your problems and issues are with your current plan. How will these processes be supported in the new plan? Their comments can offer insights into the efficient operations of the proposed facility, helping the design team get in touch with reality.

These could be meetings with physicians, nurses, support staff, anyone who would be using the proposed facility. Even in a greenfield project, it is presumed the user knows best. One may test this theory, but these are the people who would eventually use the building and therefore constitute an important element of the design team. It is the rare doctor that can visualize spaces architecturally and more often than not, they want more of the same that they have been accustomed to. And yet, these would be the team members that define the requirements.

That was the design team. Now come a slew of cooks to prepare the broth, the recipe for which has been collectively given by the 28 consultant cooks! Enumerated below are the agencies who would be collectively involved in the construction of the hospital: 1.

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People also downloaded these free PDFs. Health Building Note General design guidance for healthcare buildings by Deborah hailu. This guide is not a tome on the theory behind designing good hospitals. My colleagues in the first world would probably bemoan the scant attention paid here to the myriad statutory requirements that their code books specify for construction of healthcare facilities in their countries. There are very few codes applicable to hospital design in India; you could count them on the fingers of one hand.

The majority of my work experience has been with privately financed hospitals, a doctor, a group of doctors or a healthcare corporate entity being my client. Public sector hospitals present a substantially different design approach, I will write here only of private sector hospitals.

I mean that figuratively but not literally. As mentioned before, his volume only addresses the beginning of the design process. The sketch is but a stepping stone in that process. So, welcome aboard! I hope the following pages will contribute to the betterment of hospital design in India and the rest of the emerging economies, but it is you who are the future, dear reader, you hold the key to the sentiment expressed above, and I hope to enthuse you to read this guide till the end and enable you to design much better hospitals then I ever did.

Vivek Desai : Dr. Under the umbrella of health care providers are outpatient set-ups, nursing homes, hospitals, medical colleges, health spas, diagnostic centers, ayurvedic and naturopathy centers, hospices, old age homes and more. Most of these institutions will have varied needs, which will differ vastly in terms of their planning needs.

The sector suffers from long years of neglect by the government in terms of priority funding despite being a basic need of the community.

The mechanisms for funding are fast changing to the private sector involvement thereby pushing up the cost of both setting up hospitals as well as availing health care in these hospitals.

The lowering of interest rates over the years has no doubt helped the cause of the private sector wherein more entrepreneurs are coming forward to set up hospitals as it has become affordable to take loans and repay them.

The rapid growth of the insurance sector is equally helping the community to face the problem of spiraling health care costs. Stakeholders There are innumerable stakeholders in the health care delivery domain including the government, philanthropic trusts, educational institutions, corporate sector, insurance companies, bio-medical vendors, architects, construction companies, patients, relatives, the pharmaceutical industry, professionals like doctors and other para-medical staff, and the funding agencies.

Given the wide spectrum of stakeholders, the industry growth will benefit many in the population. This is no doubt helping us to improve the delivery mechanisms. The private sector too is developing, aided by growth in health insurance and the industry per se is moving towards a market economy concept throwing up cafeteria choice for the consumer. Adding fuel to growth is the concept of medical tourism in which Indian hospitals are gearing up for the challenge of treating foreign patients.

This needs a definite focus on hospital planning as we have to meet global standards, which by far exceed the ones followed until the recent past. This process helps understand the need of the community that will be served by the hospital in the given location. For doing this, one needs to undertake a detailed Market Survey by collecting secondary data from various sources like the internet, libraries, media publications, news paper archives, ministry of health and district health departments records etc.

Unfortunately India does not have a reliable mechanism for capturing health related data especially in the private sector. One also needs to undertake primary data search by conducting interviews with households, practicing doctors and visiting existing institutions.

There can be three types of surveys required: House Hold Survey: This is essentially done to understand the health care seeking behavior pattern of the community as a whole. Sampling techniques are used to map the statistically significant number of households. The basic information which should be collected and analyzed is as follows: i. Demographic details of the family ii. Disease profile in last three years iv. Method of payment for availing healthcare vi.

Their opinion on deficiency in health care market vii. The sample of doctors to be interviewed should include professionals from all possible faculties in medicine and surgery including those from diagnostic divisions like laboratories, imaging, physiotherapy etc. For national centers of excellence, however, the catchment area could be much larger, maybe the whole country, like Tata Memorial Hospital in Mumbai.

One would also need to know the productivity, tariffs, salary structure etc which would help us in preparation of the feasibility report.

It will also determine the scale of the project in terms of its bed size. In case it identifies some atypical need like cancer treatment, it would perhaps need more research to understand the profitability of such capital intensive specialty.

The end result should give definitive information on the following: i Specialties to be practiced in the proposed project ii Number of OPD rooms iii Bed mix with break up iv No of operation theatres v Diagnostic services vi Blood bank vii Support services In case the project is to be developed in phases the facilities to be phased should be clearly identified as the engineering services and areas for the phased development will have to be accordingly planned.

This will also help the promoter in planning the means of financing the project based on its profitability and capability of servicing the debt proportion. The first step of the feasibility process is to identify the cost of the project in a realistic manner. This is done by way of producing a detailed project report DPR. Hospital buildings are very complex in terms of its engineering needs and hence specialized agencies are required to plan these and identify the cost. Financial institutions also required sufficient back up data to accept the costs before accepting the project for funding.

Income Assumptions: After compiling the project cost, the next important step is to ascertain the income from the project from various heads. Whilst doing this, one would rely heavily on the institutional market research to understand the industry benchmarks for making assumptions. These assumptions form the important basis for assuming a realistic productivity for various departments which when multiplied with an average tariff rate will give the income on an annual basis.

It needs to be qualified that if there are further capital investments in the course then that BEP cannot be generated accurately It is important to include all heads of income as may be possible.

Expense Assumptions: The next important step is to compute all the important expenditure heads for the project operations.

These heads would include the following: i Salaries and wages — these should be computed on a cost to company basis and should take into a staffing pattern inclusive of those for leaves, contract labors etc. This could be arrived as percentage expense to the departmental income by taking industry benchmarks iii Professional fee payable to doctors for rendering clinical services.

This would differ from assuming a flat salary to incentive based remuneration. Again industry benchmarks will have to be followed for same. This also helps them to arrive at a proper debt to equity ratio for the project. The architect or the client will have to use the services provided by a Hospital Consultant, hopefully one with some experience in the field, to anticipate and avoid the many pitfalls in the above described process that await the unwary or inexperienced. It will give the number and types of inpatient rooms and wards, thrust areas for the proposed hospital i.

This facility list forms the input for the functional and space program, discussed next. The detailed project report DPR may have been done for a long range planning strategy, a short-term need or maybe both. The functional program and the space program is to be prepared for the short-term project or for phases of a longer term project for which planning has already been done in totality, like a teaching hospital.

It serves as a common policy document which outlines the parameters and vision of the project for all the members of the planning and design team. It should also contain all the necessary information for the architectural design team to commence conceptual and schematic design. Architects and the designers among them in general are eager to put pencil to paper and are impatient with reading through long briefs. It is very difficult to extricate the project from this mess if it is semi-constructed, and it invariably results in a compromised design.

The method in which the functional and space programs are produced is very important to the healthcare facility design process. This is because in larger projects the initial capital costs very often exceed the long term operational of the facility in four to five years in India and in two to three years in the West. Quality thought being given to the initial planning will go a long way towards decreasing long term operational costs.

Many times this kind of empire building will result in the provision of extra, unnecessary space with which nothing can be done later. Traditionally, the space program or area program as it is also referred to in India was the only programming document prepared before the start of the design process.

As of today, the functional program in combination with the space program is the way to go. The space program provides a list of all rooms or areas required for each function and the total area required for the function. The above approach flows from the functional requirements. Ophthalmology, Dentistry, ENT etc. For these have an important bearing on the programming and hence, on the design.

Usually confined to an A3 sheet, it can contain a plan of the room, minimum dimension of the space, a list major items of medical or other equipment to be housed within that space, and any unique temperature, humidity, lighting etc. Without the plan, the same information can be given in an Excel sheet, and the plan can be added after schematic design is done to complete the sheet.

At this stage the room data sheets could only be generic to help the non-healthcare architect plan the furniture, fixture and equipment plan FFE. For the room data sheets to be of optimal use, they would need to be prepared after the FFE is in place. The idea is to distribute the areas of the departments on the various floors to get a handle on how much area each floor template is holding, and which departments too.

It could also be based on some formal conception of the building, which, however, would take a lot of experience and confidence. At times the healthcare facility may comprise of several buildings on a healthcare campus. Of course you would then need to prepare the regular stack plan for each building.

 
 

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